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Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to provide comfort and protection during menstruation. The effectiveness of these products largely depends on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Understanding the materials used in sanitary pad production helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product performance.

Core Components of Sanitary Pad Materials

The typical sanitary pad consists of several layers, each serving a specific function:

• Top Sheet: Usually made of non-woven polypropylene or perforated film for softness and quick liquid absorption
• Absorbent Core: Composed of fluff pulp mixed with superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
• Back Sheet: Typically polyethylene or polypropylene film to prevent leakage
• Adhesive Layer: Pressure-sensitive adhesive for securing the pad to underwear

Key Raw Materials and Their Properties

1. Fluff Pulp

Fluff pulp, usually derived from wood fibers, forms the primary absorbent material. It has excellent liquid retention capacity and helps distribute moisture evenly throughout the pad.

2. Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)

SAP granules can absorb many times their weight in liquid. These cross-linked polyacrylate materials transform absorbed liquid into a gel, preventing leakage and maintaining dryness.

3. Non-woven Fabrics

Used for the top sheet, non-woven materials provide softness while allowing rapid liquid penetration. They’re typically made from polypropylene fibers bonded together through heat, chemicals, or mechanical processes.

4. Polyethylene Films

These waterproof films serve as the back sheet, preventing leaks while allowing some breathability in premium products. Their thickness and porosity affect both protection and comfort.

Advanced Material Innovations

Recent developments in sanitary pad materials include:

• Biodegradable top sheets from bamboo or cornstarch
• Antibacterial treatments using silver ions or plant extracts
• Breathable microporous films for enhanced comfort
• Odor-control technologies incorporating activated charcoal

Material Selection Considerations

Manufacturers must balance several factors when choosing raw materials:

• Absorbency requirements for different flow levels
• Skin-friendliness and hypoallergenic properties
• Environmental impact and biodegradability
• Cost-effectiveness for mass production
• Regulatory compliance with health standards

Understanding these material compositions helps explain why different sanitary pad brands may perform differently and why pricing varies across product lines. As material science advances, we can expect continued improvements in comfort, protection, and sustainability in feminine hygiene products.