# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The quality and comfort of these products largely depend on the raw materials used in their production. Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene: Soft, breathable, and quick-drying
– Perforated plastic film: Provides a dry surface feel
– Cotton-like materials: For premium products offering extra softness

Key properties: High permeability, soft texture, hypoallergenic

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer responsible for fluid absorption:

– Fluff pulp: The primary absorbent material made from wood cellulose
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP): Polyacrylate compounds that can absorb many times their weight in liquid
– Combination of both: Most modern pads use a mix for optimal performance

Absorption capacity: Typically ranges from 10 to 50 times its weight

### 3. Back Sheet (Barrier Layer)

The waterproof layer prevents leakage:

– Polyethylene film: Most common, provides complete liquid barrier
– Breathable microporous films: Allow vapor transmission while blocking liquids
– Cloth-like materials: For premium products with better comfort

Properties: Liquid-proof, flexible, and durable

### 4. Adhesive Components

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive: For securing the pad to underwear
– Release paper: Protects the adhesive before use
– Wing adhesives: For securing wings in winged pads

## Additional Materials and Features

### 1. Fragrance Components

Some pads include:

– Natural essential oils
– Synthetic fragrances
– Odor-neutralizing compounds

Note: Fragrance-free options are available for sensitive skin

### 2. Side Barriers

– Raised elastic barriers: Prevent side leakage
– Made from thermoplastic materials

### 3. Packaging Materials

– Individual wrappers: Usually polyethylene
– Outer packaging: Cardboard or plastic

## Material Properties and Performance Factors

### 1. Absorbency

Determined by:

– SAP concentration and quality
– Fluff pulp density and distribution
– Core design and structure

### 2. Comfort Factors

– Breathability: Measured by moisture vapor transmission rate
– Flexibility: Ability to conform to body shape
– Surface dryness: How quickly liquid is pulled away from the surface

### 3. Safety Considerations

– Hypoallergenic materials
– Phthalate-free components
– BPA-free plastics
– Dermatologically tested materials

## Environmental Considerations

Modern developments include:

– Biodegradable top sheets from bamboo or corn fibers
– Compostable back sheets
– Chlorine-free fluff pulp
– Plant-based SAP alternatives

## Future Material Trends

Emerging innovations:

– Smart materials with moisture indicators
– Antibacterial treatments using silver nanoparticles
– Enhanced breathability through 3D structures
– Sustainable and renewable material sources

Understanding these material compositions and properties helps in selecting the right sanitary products based on individual needs and preferences, while also considering environmental impact and skin sensitivity factors.