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Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. The effectiveness and comfort of these products depend largely on the raw materials used in their production. Understanding the composition and properties of these materials is crucial for manufacturers and consumers alike.

Core Components of Sanitary Pad Raw Materials

The typical sanitary pad consists of several layers, each made from different materials with specific functions:

• Top sheet (facing layer)
• Absorbent core
• Back sheet (barrier layer)
• Adhesive components
• Release paper

1. Top Sheet Material

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, non-irritating, and allow quick liquid passage. Common materials include:

• Non-woven polypropylene – Soft, breathable, and allows rapid fluid transfer
• Perforated film – Provides a dry surface feel after absorption
• Cotton blend materials – For premium products emphasizing natural feel

2. Absorbent Core Components

The absorbent core is the heart of the sanitary pad, responsible for fluid retention. It typically contains:

• Fluff pulp – Wood cellulose fibers that provide bulk absorption
• Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) – Sodium polyacrylate granules that can absorb many times their weight in liquid
• Bonding agents – To maintain structural integrity when wet

3. Back Sheet Materials

The back sheet prevents leakage and provides structural support. Common options include:

• Polyethylene film – Waterproof and flexible
• Breathable microporous films – Allow vapor transmission while blocking liquids
• Non-woven laminates – Combine flexibility with cloth-like texture

Key Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

Absorption Capacity

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP determines the pad’s absorption capacity. SAP typically accounts for 10-30% of the core composition in modern pads, providing:

• High absorption under pressure
• Reduced reverse flow (re-wet)
• Thinner product profiles

Softness and Comfort

Top sheet materials are engineered for:

• Low friction coefficients to prevent skin irritation
• Appropriate stiffness/flexibility balance
• Temperature regulation properties

Breathability

Modern pads emphasize breathability through:

• Microporous back sheets
• Open-structure non-woven topsheets
• Channeled core designs that promote air circulation

Odor Control

Many pads incorporate odor-neutralizing components:

• Activated carbon layers
• Baking soda additives
• Antimicrobial treatments

Emerging Material Trends

The sanitary pad industry continues to evolve with new material developments: