# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Components

Sanitary napkins, essential feminine hygiene products, are composed of various specialized materials that work together to provide comfort, absorption, and protection. Understanding these raw materials helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use during menstruation.

## Core Materials in Sanitary Napkins

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top layer that comes in direct contact with the skin is typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene (soft and breathable)
– Perforated plastic film (for dry surface feel)
– Cotton-like materials (for natural feel)

Properties: Soft, non-irritating, allows liquid to pass through quickly while keeping the surface dry.

### 2. Absorbent Core

The middle layer responsible for fluid absorption consists of:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes blended with cotton or rayon

Properties: High absorbency, converts liquid to gel (with SAP), maintains dryness.

### 3. Back Sheet

The bottom waterproof layer is usually made from:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous film

– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

Properties: Prevents leakage, allows vapor transmission in breathable versions.

### 4. Adhesive Components

Includes:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive for panty attachment
– Release paper backing (removed before use)
– Sometimes wing adhesives

Properties: Strong enough to stay in place but gentle on fabrics.

## Additional Components

### 1. Fragrance Additives

Some napkins include:

– Perfume microcapsules
– Natural essential oils
– Deodorizing agents

Note: These may cause irritation for sensitive skin.

### 2. Barrier Leg Cuffs

Found in premium products:

– Made from elastic materials
– Help prevent side leakage

### 3. Wrapping Materials

Individual wrapping may use:

– Plastic film
– Biodegradable paper
– Recyclable materials

## Material Properties and Considerations

### Absorption Capacity

Modern sanitary napkins can absorb:

– 10-20 times their weight in fluid
– Varies by product type (regular, super, overnight)

### Breathability

Important factors:

– Moisture vapor transmission rate
– Air circulation properties
– Reduced risk of irritation

### Hypoallergenic Properties

For sensitive skin:

– Fragrance-free options
– Chlorine-free bleaching
– Natural material alternatives

## Environmental Considerations

### Biodegradable Options

Emerging materials include:

– Bamboo fiber
– Organic cotton
– PLA (polylactic acid) from corn starch

### Disposal Challenges

Traditional napkins contain:

– Plastic components that take years to decompose
– Superabsorbent polymers that don’t break down easily

## Future Material Innovations

Research focuses on:

– Fully compostable materials
– Enhanced comfort technologies
– Smart materials that indicate saturation
– Antimicrobial properties

Understanding these materials empowers consumers to choose products that align with their comfort needs, health considerations, and environmental values.